{"id":1795,"date":"2021-05-10T06:11:42","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/3.35.173.53\/?p=1795"},"modified":"2021-05-10T06:11:42","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:11:42","slug":"clark-a-e-2003-unemployment-as-a-social-norm-psychological-evidence-from-panel-data-journal-of-labor-economics-212-323-351","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/?p=1795","title":{"rendered":"Clark, A. E. (2003). Unemployment as a social norm: Psychological evidence from panel data. Journal of labor economics, 21(2), 323-351."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--StartFragment--><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman;\">This article uses seven waves of panel data to test for social norms in labor market status. The unemployed&#8217;s well\u2010being is shown to be strongly positively correlated with reference group unemployment (at the regional, partner, or household level). This result, far stronger for men, is robust to controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Panel data also show that those whose well\u2010being fell the most on entering unemployment are less likely to remain unemployed. These findings suggest a psychological explanation of both unemployment polarization and hysteresis, based on the utility effects of a changing employment norm in the reference group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman;\"><!--StartFragment--><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">Clark, A. E. (2003). Unemployment as a social norm: Psychological evidence from panel data. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">Journal of labor economics, 21<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">(2), 323-351. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><a href=\"file:\/\/\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/345560\"><u style=\"text-underline: #0000ff single;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/345560<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\">  <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->&nbsp;<!--[endif]-->  <o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\n<p><sup><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; This article uses seven waves of panel data to test for social norms in labor market status. The unemployed&#8217;s well\u2010being is shown to be strongly positively correlated with reference group unemployment (at the regional, partner, or household level). This result, far stronger for men, is robust to controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Panel data [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,15],"tags":[213,210],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1795"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1795"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1796,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1795\/revisions\/1796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}