{"id":3155,"date":"2021-05-10T06:14:39","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/3.35.173.53\/?p=3155"},"modified":"2021-05-10T06:14:39","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:14:39","slug":"oettingen-g-mayer-d-2002-the-motivating-function-of-thinking-about-the-future-expectations-versus-fantasies-journal-of-personality-and-social-psychology-835-1198-1212","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/?p=3155","title":{"rendered":"Oettingen, G., &#038; Mayer, D. (2002). The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1198-1212."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Two forms of thinking about the future are distinguished: expectations versus fantasies. Positive expectations (judging a desired future as likely) predicted high effort and successful performance, but the reverse was true for positive fantasies (experiencing one&#8217;s thoughts and mental images about a desired future positively). Participants were graduates looking for a job (Study 1), students with a crush on a peer of the opposite sex (Study 2), undergraduates anticipating an exam (Study 3), and patients undergoing hip-replacement surgery (Study 4). Effort and performance were measured weeks or months (up to 2 yrs) after expectations and fantasies had been assessed. Implications for the self-regulation of effort and performance are discussed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment--><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">Oettingen, G., &amp; Mayer, D. (2002). The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">(5), 1198-1212. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.83.5.1198\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.83.5.1198<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 160%; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\">  <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->&nbsp;<!--[endif]-->  <o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Two forms of thinking about the future are distinguished: expectations versus fantasies. Positive expectations (judging a desired future as likely) predicted high effort and successful performance, but the reverse was true for positive fantasies (experiencing one&#8217;s thoughts and mental images about a desired future positively). Participants were graduates looking for a job (Study 1), students [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,15],"tags":[621,472],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3155"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3155"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3156,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3155\/revisions\/3156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}