{"id":3343,"date":"2021-05-10T06:15:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/3.35.173.53\/?p=3343"},"modified":"2021-05-10T06:15:00","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:15:00","slug":"schmitt-j-warner-k-2011-ex-offenders-and-the-labor-market-the-journal-of-labor-society-14-87-109","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/?p=3343","title":{"rendered":"Schmitt, J., &#038; Warner, K. (2011). Ex-Offenders and the Labor Market. The Journal of Labor &#038; Society, 14, 87-109."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In 2008, the U.S. had between 12 and 14 million ex\u2010offenders of working age. Because a prison record or felony conviction greatly lowers ex\u2010offenders\u2019 prospects in the labor market, we estimate that this large population lowered the total male employment rate in 2008 by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points. About one in seventeen adult men of working age was an ex\u2010prisoner and about one in eight was an ex\u2010felon. In the same year, we estimate that ex\u2010offenders accounted for the loss of some 1.5 to 1.7 million workers from the U.S. economy. The rise in the ex\u2010offender population overwhelmingly reflects draconian changes in the U.S. criminal justice system, not changes in underlying criminal activity. Dramatic increases in sentencing, especially for drug\u2010related offenses, account for the mushrooming of the ex\u2010offender population documented here. Since higher levels of incarceration are not the result of higher levels of crime, changes in sentencing today can greatly reduce the size of the ex\u2010offender population in the future. In the absence of reform of the criminal justice system, ex\u2010offenders in the working\u2010age population will rise substantially in coming decades, increasing the employment and output losses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment--><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">Schmitt, J., &amp; Warner, K. (2011). Ex-Offenders and the Labor Market. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">The Journal of Labor &amp; Society, 14<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: -0.3pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">, 87-109.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 160%; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\">  <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->&nbsp;<!--[endif]-->  <o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2008, the U.S. had between 12 and 14 million ex\u2010offenders of working age. Because a prison record or felony conviction greatly lowers ex\u2010offenders\u2019 prospects in the labor market, we estimate that this large population lowered the total male employment rate in 2008 by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points. About one in seventeen adult men [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,15],"tags":[933],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3343"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3343"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3344,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3343\/revisions\/3344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}