Miceli, M., & Castelfranchi, C. (2002). The mind and the future: The (negative) power of expectations. Theory & Psychology, 12(3), 335-366.
We try to identify the configurations of beliefs and goals typical of the various kinds of representation of the future: forecasts, hopes and fears, and a particular kind of anticipatory representations that we call `hope-casts' and `fear-casts', which are supposed to imply not only forecasts and either hopes or fears, but also a normative component according to which the expected event `ought' to happen. We ...