Levine, K. J., Muenchen, R. A., &Brooks, A. M. (2010). Measuring transformational and charismatic leadership: Why isn& #39;t charisma measured?.
The literature on both the Transformational and Charismatic theories of leadership espouse the importance of communication as part of the leadership phenomena. However, the existing measurement scales (The Multidimensional Leadership Questionnaire, the Conger–Kanungo Charisma Scale, the Followership Scale and the Romance of Leadership Scale) that are used to assess both the Transformational and Charismatic Theories fail to adequately address and measure the communication behaviors that...



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